Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries). Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time. This process is called atherosclerosis.
Correspondingly, what are 3 causes of CAD?
Causes
- Smoking.
- High blood pressure.
- High cholesterol.
- Diabetes or insulin resistance.
- Not being active (sedentary lifestyle)
- High blood pressure. High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the most important risk factors for CVD. …
- Smoking. Smoking and other tobacco use is also a significant risk factor for CVD. …
- High cholesterol. …
- Diabetes. …
- Inactivity. …
- Being overweight or obese. …
- Family history of CVD. …
- Ethnic background.
Simply so, what are the main causes of coronary heart disease?
- Smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. …
- High blood pressure. High blood pressure (hypertension) puts a strain on your heart and can lead to CHD. …
- High cholesterol. …
- High lipoprotein (a) …
- Lack of regular exercise. …
- Diabetes. …
- Thrombosis.
What are the pathophysiological findings specifying an MI?
The symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (MI) are chest pain, which may radiate to the arm or jaw, sweating, nausea, and chest tightness or pressure. The diagnosis rests on laboratory findings of myocardial necrosis, which causes leakage of myocardial enzymes, such as troponin, into the circulating blood.
What causes furred up arteries?
Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma. Atherosclerosis can be caused by lifestyle factors, such as smoking and regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.
What describes the basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction?
Myocardial infarction (“heart attack”) is the irreversible damage of myocardial tissue caused by prolonged ischemia and hypoxia. This most commonly occurs when a coronary artery becomes occluded following the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, which then leads to the formation of a blood clot (coronary thrombosis).
What is CHF physiology?
Congestive heart failure is a syndrome that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities, including pressure and volume overload, loss of muscle, primary muscle disease or excessive peripheral demands such as high output failure. In the usual form of heart failure, the heart muscle has reduced contractility.
What is heart failure pathophysiology?
Heart failure is the pathophysiologic state in which the heart, via an abnormality of cardiac function (detectable or not), fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues or is able to do so only with an elevated diastolic filling pressure.
What is the main function of coronary arteries?
Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. Like all other tissues in the body, the heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to function. Also, oxygen-depleted blood must be carried away. The coronary arteries wrap around the outside of the heart.
What is the main pathology of myocardial infarction?
The major cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI) is coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus, which accounts for more than 80% of all infarcts. MIs resulting from nonatherosclerotic diseases of the coronary arteries are rare.
What is the normal physiology of the heart?
The heart itself is made up of 4 chambers, 2 atria and 2 ventricles. De-oxygenated blood returns to the right side of the heart via the venous circulation. It is pumped into the right ventricle and then to the lungs where carbon dioxide is released and oxygen is absorbed.
What is the pathophysiology of heart failure that results in impaired cardiac output?
Cardiac and Vascular Changes
Overall, the changes in cardiac function associated with heart failure result in a decrease in cardiac output. This results from a decline in stroke volume that is due to systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, or a combination of the two.