The monosaccharides include simple sugars and their derivatives. They are the basic carbohydrate units from which more complex compounds are formed. Monosaccharides consist of carbon atoms to which are attached hydrogen atoms, at least one hydroxyl group, and either an aldehyde (RCHO) or ketone (RCOR) group.
Thereof, are monosaccharides monomers?
The simplest carbohydrates are called monosaccharides, or simple sugars. They are the building blocks (monomers) for the synthesis of polymers or complex carbohydrates, as will be discussed further in this section. Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of carbons in the molecule.
In this regard, what are 5 examples of monosaccharides?
Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose, galactose, xylose and ribose.
What are monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides?
A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule. This includes glucose, fructose, and galactose. Disaccharides are double sugars, such as sucrose (table sugar). Polysaccharides are long chains, such as plant and animal starches.
What are the 3 monosaccharides?
The three most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What are the physical and chemical properties of monosaccharides?
Physical properties of monosaccharides
- Monosaccharides are colourless and crystalline compounds.
- They are readily soluble in water.
- They have sweet tase.
- D-glucose and L-glucose are mirror images of each other.
- The presence of asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound give rise to the formation of isomers of that compound.
What are the three properties of monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are classified according to three different characteristics: the position of the carbonyl group, the number of carbon atoms, and its chiral handedness. The monosaccharide is an aldose when the carbonyl group is an aldehyde (RCOH), but is a ketose when the carbonyl group is a ketone (RCO).
What chemicals are in monosaccharides?
Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones; that is, they are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group (―OH), and a carbonyl group (C=O) either at the terminal carbon atom (aldose) or at the second carbon atom (ketose).
What is monosaccharide formula?
With few exceptions (e.g., deoxyribose), monosaccharides have this chemical formula: (CH2O)x, where conventionally x ≥ 3. Monosaccharides can be classified by the number x of carbon atoms they contain: triose (3), tetrose (4), pentose (5), hexose (6), heptose (7), and so on.
What is the function of monosaccharide?
The two main functions of monosaccharides in the body are energy storage and as the building blocks of more complex sugars that are used as structural elements. Monosaccharides are crystalline solids that are soluble in water and usually have a sweet taste.