1. in a single-stranded RNA virus, a plus strand is one having the same polarity as viral mRNA and containing codon sequences that can be translated into viral protein. A minus strand is a noncoding strand that must be copied by an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to produce a translatable mRNA.
Regarding this, what is the difference between positive strand RNA virus and negative strand RNA virus?
Positive-sense viral RNA is similar to mRNA and thus can be immediately translated by the host cell. Negative-sense viral RNA is complementary to mRNA and thus must be converted to positive-sense RNA by an RNA polymerase before translation.
what is positive and negative RNA? Single stranded RNA viruses are classified as positive or negative depending on the sense or polarity of the RNA. The negative viral RNA is complementary to the mRNA and must be converted to a positive RNA by RNA polymerase before translation.
Also to know is, what does negative strand RNA mean?
Medical Definition of Negative-strand RNA virus Negative-strand RNA virus: Also known as an antisense-strand RNA virus, a virus whose genetic information consists of a single strand of RNA that is the negative or antisense strand which does not encode mRNA (messenger RNA).
What is the difference between RNA virus and retrovirus?
A retrovirus is an RNA virus that is duplicated in a host cell using the reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome. The DNA is then incorporated into the host’s genome by an integrase enzyme. In most viruses, DNA is transcribed into RNA, and then RNA is translated into protein.
14 Related Question Answers Found
What is the strand of RNA?
A strand of RNA can be thought of as a chain with a nucleotide at each chain link. During the process known as transcription, a RNA copy of a segment of DNA, or messenger RNA (mRNA), is made. This strand of RNA can then be read by a ribosome to form a protein.
Do viruses have RNA polymerase?
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of all RNA-containing viruses with no DNA stage i.e. only RNA viruses. It catalyses synthesis of the RNA strand complementary to a given RNA template. The RNA replication process is a two-step mechanism.
What is mRNA made of?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA molecule that is complementary to one of the DNA strands of a gene. The mRNA is an RNA version of the gene that leaves the cell nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
What enzyme do all negative single stranded RNA viruses contain?
Negative-sense ssRNA viruses (Group V) must have their genome copied by an RNA replicase to form positive-sense RNA. This means that the virus must bring along with it the RNA replicase enzyme. The positive-sense RNA molecule then acts as viral mRNA, which is translated into proteins by the host ribosomes.
Is RNA single or double stranded?
Unlike double-stranded DNA, RNA is a single-stranded molecule in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides. However, a single RNA molecule can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in tRNA.
How do RNA viruses replicate their genomes?
For some RNA viruses, the infecting RNA produces messenger RNA (mRNA). This is translation of the genome into protein products. For others with negative stranded RNA and DNA, viruses are produced by transcription then translation. The virus takes advantage of the existing cell structures to replicate itself.
What is positive and negative sense virus?
Viruses with ssRNA genomes that can act directly as mRNA are known as positive-sense RNA viruses (abbreviated +ssRNA). Similarly, ssRNA viruses with genomes that are not able to be immediately translated by ribosomes are known as negative-sense RNA viruses (abbreviated -ssRNA).
Which RNA virus is double stranded?
Rotaviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses, with a diameter of 75 nm, which is relatively large among the enteric viruses. Unlike the other enteric viruses, which are generally icosahedral in shape, rotaviruses have a more complex morphology.
Is influenza A DNA or RNA virus?
Like all living things, influenza makes small errors—mutations—when it copies its genetic code during reproduction. But influenza lacks the ability to repair those errors, because it is an RNA virus; RNA, unlike DNA, lacks a self-correcting mechanism. As a result, influenza is not genetically stable.
Is RNA negatively charged?
Double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA are all strongly negatively charged, with sub-nanometer inter-phosphate charge separations.
What does negative sense mean?
negative-sense. Adjective. negative sense. (biology) of an RNA strand that is complementary to the positive sense and not transcribed into DNA.
Is the sense strand transcribed?
The sense strand is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA, which takes the antisense strand as its template during transcription, and eventually undergoes (typically, not always) translation into a protein.
Which DNA strand is transcribed to mRNA?
The RNA to which the information is transcribed is messenger RNA (mRNA). The process associated with RNA polymerase is to unwind the DNA and build a strand of mRNA by placing on the growing mRNA molecule the base complementary to that on the template strand of the DNA.
How does RNA polymerase work?
RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins). RNA polymerase uses one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template to make a new, complementary RNA molecule.