Treatment typically includes:
- Intravenous fluids to counter dehydration.
- Intravenous insulin to lower your blood sugar levels.
- Intravenous potassium, and occasionally sodium phosphate replacement to help your cells function correctly.
Correspondingly, what is HHNK?
Tweet. Email. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNS), also known as Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic State (HHS) is a dangerous condition resulting from very high blood glucose levels. HHNS can affect both types of diabetics, yet it usually occurs amongst people with type 2 diabetes.
Secondly, how does HHS occur? HHS is a potentially life-threatening emergency Ketones develop when the blood glucose level is high due to lack of insulin which is needed to allow glucose to enter the cells for energy. Because people with Type 2 diabetes may still be producing some insulin, ketones may not be created.
People also ask, what is the difference between HHS and DKA?
Although both conditions can occur at any age, diabetic ketoacidosis typically develops in younger patients, less than 45 years, who have little or no endogenous insulin production, whereas HHS usually occurs in much older non-insulin-dependent patients (who are often greater than 60 years old).
What happens if HHNS is not treated?
The condition most commonly occurs in people with type 2 diabetes. Left untreated, diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome can lead to life-threatening dehydration. Prompt medical care is essential.
17 Related Question Answers Found
How is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state diagnosed?
What are the ADA diagnostic criteria for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)? Plasma glucose level of 600 mg/dL or greater. Effective serum osmolality of 320 mOsm/kg or greater. Profound dehydration, up to an average of 9 L. Serum pH greater than 7.30. Bicarbonate concentration greater than 15 mEq/L.
Which condition is seen in a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome HHS )?
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is a metabolic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) characterized by severe hyperglycemia, extreme dehydration, hyperosmolar plasma, and altered consciousness. It most often occurs in type 2 DM, often in the setting of physiologic stress.
Is Blood Sugar 600 high?
If your blood sugar level tops 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), or 33.3 millimoles per liter (mmol/L), the condition is called diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome. Severely high blood sugar turns your blood thick and syrupy.
How is Hyperosmolarity diagnosed?
The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is the most serious acute hyperglycemic emergency in patients with type 2 diabetes. Current diagnostic HHS criteria include a plasma glucose level >600 mg/dL and increased effective plasma osmolality >320 mOsm/kg in the absence of ketoacidosis.
What causes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
Causes. Also, certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, can raise blood glucose levels and cause hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Drugs such as diuretics, which people often take to treat high blood pressure, can worsen dehydration and trigger hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.
What is the standard treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?
Treatment typically includes: Intravenous fluids to counter dehydration. Intravenous insulin to lower your blood sugar levels. Intravenous potassium, and occasionally sodium phosphate replacement to help your cells function correctly.
Which is worse DKA or HHS?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is one of two serious metabolic derangements that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a life-threatening emergency that, although less common than its counterpart, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), has a much higher mortality rate, reaching up to 5-10%.
How long does it take DKA to develop?
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS DKA can develop in less than 24 hours. 3 Metabolic changes occur one and one half to two hours earlier in patients who are managed only with a short-acting insulin such as lispro (Humalog).
What is the opposite of ketoacidosis?
Despite the similarity in name, ketosis and ketoacidosis are two different things. Ketoacidosis refers to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and is a complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus. It’s a life-threatening condition resulting from dangerously high levels of ketones and blood sugar.
Can you have DKA and HHS at the same time?
Both DKA and HHS are characterized by hyperglycemia and absolute or relative insulinopenia. Clinically, they differ by the severity of dehydration, ketosis and metabolic acidosis (11). DKA most often occurs in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Why is the anion gap important to follow in the treatment of DKA?
Hyperglycemia causes an osmotic diuresis with significant fluid and electrolyte loss. DKA is diagnosed by detection of hyperketonemia and anion gap metabolic acidosis in the presence of hyperglycemia. Treatment involves volume expansion, insulin replacement, and prevention of hypokalemia.
What is Kussmaul breathing?
Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. It is this latter type of breathing pattern that is referred to as Kussmaul breathing.
How is HHS and DKA treated?
TREATMENT Fluid Therapy. Patients with DKA and HHS are invariably volume depleted, with an estimated water deficit of ∼100 ml/kg of body weight. Insulin Therapy. The cornerstone of DKA and HHS management is insulin therapy. Potassium. Bicarbonate. Phosphate.
What are HHS programs?
HHS administers more than 100 programs across its operating divisions. HHS programs protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
Which medications can precipitate a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
Which drugs increase the risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)? Alcohol and cocaine. Anesthesia. Antiarrhythmics (eg, encainide and propranolol) Antidiabetic medications (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) Antiepileptics (eg, phenytoin)
What is b ketone?
Beta-hydroxybutyrate is the predominant ketone body present in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Different ketone tests measure one or more ketone bodies, and their results are not interchangeable. Blood testing gives a snapshot of the status of ketone accumulation at the time that the sample was collected.
What is a hyperosmolar coma?
Hyperosmolar coma is also referred to as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) or nonketotic hyperglycemic syndrome. It is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration in the absence of significant ketoacidosis. Hyperosmolar coma and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) are hyperglycemic crises.